| Table A. Velocity of Light
Measurements 1675-1983 |
|
Calc 16 3rd Revision |
|
|
|
|
Calc 16 rev |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Master Data Set: 195 Values |
|
|
[Corrections by AM on 11/5/92] |
|
Experimenter |
Method |
|
|
|
|
Positive |
Negative |
|
|
Experimenter |
Date |
c, km/sec |
error, ± |
Value - current |
No. obs. |
Method |
Comments |
Type |
Outlier |
Reject |
Reject |
(Xi - Xi+1)sqd |
(Xi-Xav) |
(X-Xav)sqd |
Run No. |
Run n1 |
Run n2 |
|
| 1 |
Roemer-Chaffin |
1675 |
320,000 |
8500 |
20207.542 |
50 |
1 |
± from rms error |
R |
|
|
|
|
19711.33809 |
388536849.4 |
1 |
1 |
|
|
| 2 |
Roemer-Goldstein (1) |
1675 |
300,000 |
1500 |
207.542 |
50 |
1 |
1973 Goldstein published |
P |
|
à |
|
400000000 |
-288.6619072 |
83325.69666 |
2 |
|
2 |
|
| 3 |
Roemer-Goldstein (2) |
1675 |
292,000 |
5400 |
-7792.458 |
50 |
1 |
Goldstein corrects 1973 data |
R |
à |
|
|
64000000 |
-8288.661907 |
68701916.21 |
2 |
|
2 |
|
| 4 |
Roemer-Mammel |
1675 |
317,700 |
2700 |
17907.542 |
50 |
1 |
1983 calculation |
R |
à |
|
|
660490000 |
17411.33809 |
303154694.2 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
| 5 |
Roemer-Setterfield |
1675 |
307,500 |
5400 |
7707.542 |
50 |
1 |
Setterfield's reworking |
R |
à |
|
|
104040000 |
7211.338093 |
52003397.09 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
| 6 |
Cassini |
1693 |
352,000 |
18000 |
52207.542 |
50 |
1 |
uncorrected |
P |
à |
|
|
1980250000 |
51711.33809 |
2674062487 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
| 7 |
Bradley (first accepted) (KO) |
1727 |
303,430 |
750 |
3637.542 |
800 |
2 |
8 stars 1726-1727 |
P |
|
|
|
2359044900 |
3141.338093 |
9868005.013 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
| 8 |
Auwers (Kew) |
1727 |
301,416 |
1070 |
1623.542 |
800 |
2 |
8 stars, corrected |
R* |
|
|
|
4056196 |
1127.338093 |
1270891.176 |
3 |
3 |
|
|
| 9 |
Newcomb |
1727 |
299,289 |
1750 |
-503.458 |
800 |
2 |
8 stars, corrected |
R |
|
|
|
4524129 |
-999.6619072 |
999323.9287 |
4 |
|
4 |
|
| 10 |
Delambre (definitive) |
1738 |
303,320 |
65 |
3527.542 |
1000 |
1 |
All obs. 1667-1809 |
P |
|
|
|
16248961 |
3031.338093 |
9189010.633 |
5 |
5 |
|
|
| 11 |
Bradley (1726-1754) |
1740 |
300,650 |
750 |
857.542 |
2300 |
2 |
24 stars |
P |
|
|
|
7128900 |
361.3380928 |
130565.2173 |
5 |
5 |
|
|
| 12 |
Auwers (Wanstead) |
1727-47 |
300,313 |
920 |
520.542 |
700 |
2 |
14 stars, weighted mean |
R* |
|
|
|
113569 |
24.33809282 |
592.3427621 |
5 |
5 |
|
|
| 13 |
Busch |
1727-47 |
303,434 |
750 |
3641.542 |
800 |
2 |
8 stars, corrected |
R |
|
|
|
9740641 |
3145.338093 |
9893151.718 |
5 |
5 |
|
|
| 14 |
Bessel (GO) |
1750-54 |
300,093 |
1150 |
300.542 |
250 |
2 |
Gamma Draconis |
R* |
|
|
|
11162281 |
-195.6619072 |
38283.58192 |
6 |
|
6 |
|
| 15 |
Peters |
1750-54 |
299,406 |
1150 |
-386.458 |
800 |
2 |
8 stars, corrected |
R |
|
|
|
471969 |
-882.6619072 |
779092.0424 |
6 |
|
6 |
|
| 16 |
Martin |
1759 |
303,440 |
350 |
3647.542 |
50 |
1 |
quoted to 0.5 sec. |
P |
|
|
|
16273156 |
3151.338093 |
9930931.775 |
7 |
7 |
|
|
| 17 |
Encyclopaedia Britannica |
1771 |
302,220 |
620 |
2427.542 |
50 |
1 |
Standard value |
S |
|
|
|
1488400 |
1931.338093 |
3730066.829 |
7 |
7 |
|
|
| 18 |
Lindenau (1750-1816) |
1783 |
300,460 |
160 |
667.542 |
330 |
2 |
Polaris: many sites |
P |
|
|
|
3097600 |
171.3380928 |
29356.74205 |
7 |
7 |
|
|
| 19 |
Folk-Struve (PO) |
1841 |
300,340 |
120 |
547.542 |
50 |
2 |
5 stars 1840-1842 |
P |
|
|
|
14400 |
51.33809282 |
2635.599774 |
7 |
7 |
|
|
| 20 |
Struve (definitive) PO |
1841 |
300,270 |
250 |
477.542 |
298 |
2 |
as revised in 1853 |
R* |
|
|
|
4900 |
-18.66190718 |
348.2667796 |
8 |
|
8 |
|
| 21 |
Struve (PO) |
1843 |
300,250 |
160 |
457.542 |
200 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
400 |
-38.66190718 |
1494.743067 |
8 |
|
8 |
|
| 22 |
Lindhagen-Schweizer (PO) |
1843 |
299,980 |
180 |
187.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
72900 |
-308.6619072 |
95272.17294 |
8 |
|
8 |
|
| 23 |
Fizeau (Journal value) |
1849.5 |
315,300 |
10000 |
15507.542 |
14 |
3 |
Base = 8633 meters |
P |
à |
|
|
234702400 |
15011.33809 |
225340271.3 |
9 |
9 |
|
|
| 24 |
Fizeau. (textbook value) |
1849.5 |
313,300 |
10000 |
13507.542 |
14 |
3 |
'rough approximation' |
R |
à |
|
|
4000000 |
13011.33809 |
169294919 |
9 |
9 |
|
|
| 25 |
Fizeau (often omitted) |
1855 |
305,650 |
5000 |
5857.542 |
25 |
3 |
only quoted 1927 |
S |
|
|
|
58522500 |
5361.338093 |
28743946.15 |
9 |
9 |
|
|
| 26 |
Fizeau (bad citation?) |
1855 |
298,000 |
5000 |
-1792.458 |
25 |
3 |
Foucault 1862? |
S |
|
|
|
58522500 |
-2288.661907 |
5237973.325 |
10 |
|
10 |
|
| 27 |
Weber/Kohlrausch |
1856 |
310,700 |
20000 |
10907.542 |
33 |
7 |
Q of E method |
P |
|
|
à |
161290000 |
10411.33809 |
108395960.9 |
11 |
11 |
|
|
| 28 |
Nyren-Peters (PO) |
1858 |
300,030 |
190 |
237.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
113848900 |
-258.6619072 |
66905.98223 |
12 |
|
12 |
|
| 29 |
Glasenapp (1848-1873) |
1861 |
300,050 |
150 |
257.542 |
320 |
1 |
reworked, 320 eclipses |
P |
|
|
|
400 |
-238.6619072 |
56959.50594 |
12 |
|
12 |
|
| 30 |
Glasenapp-Newcomb |
1861 |
300,096 |
150 |
303.542 |
320 |
1 |
Newcomb's reworking |
R |
|
|
|
2116 |
-192.6619072 |
37118.61048 |
12 |
|
12 |
|
| 31 |
Glasenapp-Kulikov |
1861 |
299,904 |
150 |
111.542 |
320 |
1 |
Kulikov's reworking |
R |
|
|
|
36864 |
-384.6619072 |
147964.7828 |
12 |
|
12 |
|
| 32 |
Foucault (P. rejected) |
1862.8 |
298,000 |
500 |
-1792.458 |
80 |
4 |
B = 20 m, D = 0.7 mm. |
P |
|
à |
|
3625216 |
-2288.661907 |
5237973.325 |
12 |
|
12 |
|
| 33 |
Newcomb
(1862-1867) (W0) |
1864.5 |
299,870 |
130 |
77.542 |
250 |
2 |
weighted average |
P |
|
|
|
3496900 |
-418.6619072 |
175277.7925 |
12 |
|
12 |
|
| 34 |
Gylden (PO) |
1866.5 |
301,280 |
200 |
1487.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
1988100 |
991.3380928 |
982751.2143 |
13 |
13 |
|
|
| 35 |
Nyren/Gylden (PO) |
1868 |
299,660 |
200 |
-132.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
2624400 |
-628.6619072 |
395215.7935 |
14 |
|
14 |
|
| 36 |
Maxwell |
1868 |
284,000 |
20000 |
-15792.458 |
12 |
7 |
Electrometric method. |
P |
|
|
à |
245235600 |
-16288.66191 |
265320506.7 |
14 |
|
14 |
|
| 37 |
W.Thomson/King |
1869 |
280,900 |
8300 |
-18892.458 |
33 |
7 |
Electrometric method. |
P |
|
|
à |
9610000 |
-19388.66191 |
375920210.6 |
14 |
|
14 |
|
| 38 |
Nyren-Wagner 1861-1879 |
1870 |
299,980 |
60 |
187.542 |
950 |
2 |
best ± by this method |
P |
|
|
|
364046400 |
-308.6619072 |
95272.17294 |
14 |
|
14 |
|
| 39 |
Cornu (Rejected) |
1872 |
298,500 |
1000 |
-1292.458 |
658 |
3 |
'crude apparatus' |
P |
|
à |
|
2190400 |
-1788.661907 |
3199311.418 |
14 |
|
14 |
|
| 40 |
Nyren (PO) |
1873 |
299,810 |
200 |
17.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
1716100 |
-478.6619072 |
229117.2214 |
14 |
|
14 |
|
| 41 |
McKichan |
1874 |
289,700 |
6800 |
-10092.458 |
33 |
7 |
Electrometric method. |
P |
|
|
à |
102212100 |
-10588.66191 |
112119761 |
14 |
|
14 |
|
| 42 |
Cornu |
1874.8 |
300,400 |
300 |
607.542 |
208 |
3 |
working to 4 figs. |
P |
|
|
|
114490000 |
111.3380928 |
12396.17091 |
15 |
15 |
|
|
| 43 |
Cornu-Helmert |
1874.8 |
299,990 |
200 |
197.542 |
208 |
3 |
Base = 22910 meters |
R |
|
|
|
168100 |
-298.6619072 |
89198.9348 |
16 |
|
16 |
|
| 44 |
Cornu-Dorsey |
1874.8 |
299,900 |
200 |
107.542 |
208 |
3 |
revision in 1944 |
R* |
|
|
|
8100 |
-388.6619072 |
151058.0781 |
16 |
|
16 |
|
| 45 |
Harvard (1844-1909) |
1876.5 |
299,921 |
13 |
128.542 |
500 |
1 |
official reduction |
P |
|
|
|
441 |
-367.6619072 |
135175.278 |
16 |
|
16 |
|
| 46 |
Sampson (1844-1909) |
1876.5 |
300,011 |
13 |
218.542 |
500 |
1 |
1909 reworking |
R |
|
|
|
8100 |
-277.6619072 |
77096.1347 |
16 |
|
16 |
|
| 47 |
Michelson (rejected) |
1878 |
300,140 |
480 |
347.542 |
10 |
4 |
B = 152.4 m, D = 7.5 mm |
P |
|
à |
|
16641 |
-148.6619072 |
22100.36265 |
16 |
|
16 |
|
| 48 |
Rowland |
1879 |
298,400 |
3400 |
-1392.458 |
33 |
7 |
Q of E method |
P |
|
|
à |
3027600 |
-1888.661907 |
3567043.8 |
16 |
|
16 |
|
| 49 |
Hockin |
1879 |
296,700 |
3000 |
-3092.458 |
33 |
7 |
Capacities method |
P |
|
|
à |
2890000 |
-3588.661907 |
12878494.28 |
16 |
|
16 |
|
| 50 |
Ayrton/Perry |
1879 |
296,000 |
3000 |
-3792.458 |
33 |
7 |
Capacities method |
P |
|
|
à |
490000 |
-4288.661907 |
18392620.95 |
16 |
|
16 |
|
| 51 |
Michelson |
1879.5 |
299990 |
200 |
197.542 |
1000 |
4 |
Birge's value? |
R |
|
|
|
15920100 |
-298.6619072 |
89198.9348 |
16 |
|
16 |
|
| 52 |
Michelson |
1879.5 |
299,910 |
50 |
117.542 |
1000 |
4 |
B = 605.4 m, D = 13.32 cm. |
P |
|
|
|
6400 |
-378.6619072 |
143384.8399 |
16 |
|
16 |
|
| 53 |
Michelson-Dorsey |
1879.5 |
299,900 |
200 |
107.542 |
1000 |
4 |
Dorsey's correction |
R |
|
|
|
100 |
-388.6619072 |
151058.0781 |
16 |
|
16 |
|
| 54 |
Nyren (PO) |
1879.5 |
299,660 |
200 |
-132.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
57600 |
-628.6619072 |
395215.7935 |
16 |
|
16 |
|
| 55 |
Young/Forbes (P. reject) |
1880 |
301,382 |
2000 |
1589.542 |
12 |
3 |
Base = 5484 meters |
P |
|
à |
|
2965284 |
1093.338093 |
1195388.185 |
17 |
17 |
|
|
| 56 |
Shida |
1880 |
295,500 |
3000 |
-4292.458 |
33 |
7 |
Electrometric method. |
P |
|
|
à |
34597924 |
-4788.661907 |
22931282.86 |
18 |
|
18 |
|
| 57 |
Nyren (PO) |
1880.5 |
299,700 |
130 |
-92.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
17640000 |
-588.6619072 |
346522.841 |
18 |
|
18 |
|
| 58 |
Stoletov |
1881 |
299,000 |
2000 |
-792.458 |
33 |
7 |
Capacities method |
P |
|
|
à |
490000 |
-1288.661907 |
1660649.511 |
18 |
|
18 |
|
| 59 |
Newcomb (doubtful av.) |
1881.8 |
299,810 |
50 |
17.542 |
189 |
4 |
B = 2550.95 m, D = 18 cm |
P |
|
à |
|
656100 |
-478.6619072 |
229117.2214 |
18 |
|
18 |
|
| 60 |
Newcomb-Dorsey |
1881.8 |
299,780 |
80 |
-12.458 |
? |
4 |
Meas. rejected by Newcomb |
R |
|
à |
|
900 |
-508.6619072 |
258736.9358 |
18 |
|
18 |
|
| 61 |
Exner |
1882 |
287,000 |
23000 |
-12792.458 |
33 |
7 |
Electrometric method. |
P |
|
|
à |
163328400 |
-13288.66191 |
176588535.3 |
18 |
|
18 |
|
| 62 |
Newcomb (full approval) |
1882.7 |
299,860 |
30 |
67.542 |
66 |
4 |
B = 3721.21 m, D = 18 cm |
P |
|
|
|
165379600 |
-428.6619072 |
183751.0307 |
18 |
|
18 |
|
| 63 |
Michelson |
1882.8 |
299,853 |
60 |
60.542 |
563 |
4 |
B = 624.65 m, D = 13.8 cm. |
P |
|
|
|
49 |
-435.6619072 |
189801.2974 |
18 |
|
18 |
|
| 64 |
Michelson-Dorsey |
1882.8 |
299,850 |
250 |
57.542 |
563 |
4 |
Dorsey's correction |
R |
|
|
|
9 |
-438.6619072 |
192424.2688 |
18 |
|
18 |
|
| 65 |
Nyren (definitive) |
1883 |
299,850 |
90 |
57.542 |
2000 |
2 |
Obs. of 24 stars |
P |
|
|
|
0 |
-438.6619072 |
192424.2688 |
18 |
|
18 |
|
| 66 |
J.J.Thomson |
1883 |
296,400 |
20000 |
-3392.458 |
33 |
7 |
Capacities method |
P |
|
|
à |
11902500 |
-3888.661907 |
15121691.43 |
18 |
|
18 |
|
| 67 |
Klemencic |
1884 |
301,880 |
1500 |
2087.542 |
33 |
7 |
Capacities method |
P |
|
|
à |
30030400 |
1591.338093 |
2532356.926 |
19 |
19 |
|
|
| 68 |
Colley |
1886 |
301,500 |
6000 |
1707.542 |
33 |
7 |
E.O. method |
P |
|
|
à |
144400 |
1211.338093 |
1467339.975 |
19 |
19 |
|
|
| 69 |
Himstedt |
1887 |
300,570 |
750 |
777.542 |
33 |
7 |
Capacities method |
P |
|
|
à |
864900 |
281.3380928 |
79151.12247 |
19 |
19 |
|
|
| 70 |
Thomson et al. |
1888 |
292,000 |
5250 |
-7792.458 |
33 |
7 |
Electrometric method. |
P |
|
|
à |
73444900 |
-8288.661907 |
68701916.21 |
20 |
|
20 |
|
| 71 |
W.Thomson |
1889 |
300,500 |
1000 |
707.542 |
33 |
7 |
Electrometric method. |
P |
|
|
à |
72250000 |
211.3380928 |
44663.78948 |
21 |
21 |
|
|
| 72 |
Rosa |
1889 |
300,000 |
800 |
207.542 |
33 |
7 |
Capacities method |
P |
|
|
à |
250000 |
-288.6619072 |
83325.69666 |
22 |
|
22 |
|
| 73 |
Doolittle (FO) |
1889.5 |
300,460 |
130 |
667.542 |
1445 |
2 |
Zenith telescope |
P |
|
|
|
211600 |
171.3380928 |
29356.74205 |
23 |
23 |
|
|
| 74 |
Marcuse (BO) |
1889.5 |
300,100 |
180 |
307.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
129600 |
-188.6619072 |
35593.31522 |
24 |
|
24 |
|
| 75 |
Kustner (BO) |
1889.5 |
300,100 |
260 |
307.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
0 |
-188.6619072 |
35593.31522 |
24 |
|
24 |
|
| 76 |
J.J.Thomson/Searle |
1890 |
299,600 |
600 |
-192.458 |
23 |
7 |
Capacities method |
P |
|
|
à |
250000 |
-688.6619072 |
474255.2224 |
24 |
|
24 |
|
| 77 |
Comstock |
1890.5 |
300,560 |
170 |
767.542 |
50 |
2 |
18 star pairs |
P |
|
|
|
921600 |
271.3380928 |
73624.36062 |
25 |
25 |
|
|
| 78 |
Blondlot |
1891 |
302,200 |
8500 |
2407.542 |
12 |
6 |
line base = 25 m. |
P |
à |
|
|
2689600 |
1911.338093 |
3653213.305 |
25 |
25 |
|
|
| 79 |
Pellat |
1891 |
300,920 |
600 |
1127.542 |
33 |
7 |
Electrometric method. |
P |
|
|
à |
1638400 |
631.3380928 |
398587.7874 |
25 |
25 |
|
|
| 80 |
Preston (HO) |
1891.5 |
300,750 |
730 |
957.542 |
50 |
2 |
0.05 arc sec error |
P |
|
|
|
28900 |
461.3380928 |
212832.8359 |
25 |
25 |
|
|
| 81 |
Becker (SO) |
1891.5 |
300,390 |
200 |
597.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
129600 |
101.3380928 |
10269.40906 |
25 |
|
25 |
|
| 82 |
Marcuse (BO) |
1891.5 |
299,870 |
130 |
77.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
270400 |
-418.6619072 |
175277.7925 |
26 |
|
26 |
|
| 83 |
Batterman (BO) |
1891.5 |
299,850 |
170 |
57.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
400 |
-438.6619072 |
192424.2688 |
26 |
|
26 |
|
| 84 |
Chandler (BO) |
1891.5 |
299,850 |
170 |
57.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
0 |
-438.6619072 |
192424.2688 |
26 |
|
26 |
|
| 85 |
Abraham |
1892 |
299,850 |
350 |
57.542 |
33 |
7 |
Capacities method |
P |
|
|
à |
0 |
-438.6619072 |
192424.2688 |
26 |
|
26 |
|
| 86 |
Becker (SO) |
1892.5 |
300,320 |
180 |
527.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
220900 |
31.33809282 |
982.0760616 |
26 |
|
26 |
|
| 87 |
Davidson (SFO) |
1893 |
300,250 |
200 |
457.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
4900 |
-38.66190718 |
1494.743067 |
26 |
|
26 |
|
| 88 |
Blondlot |
1893 |
297,200 |
5500 |
-2592.458 |
8 |
6 |
line base = 1029 m. |
P |
à |
|
|
9302500 |
-3088.661907 |
9539832.377 |
26 |
|
26 |
|
| 89 |
Rhys/Davis (FO) |
1894.5 |
300,430 |
190 |
637.542 |
50 |
2 |
Talcott's method |
P |
|
|
|
10432900 |
141.3380928 |
19976.45648 |
27 |
27 |
|
|
| 90 |
Trowbridge/Duane |
1895 |
300,395 |
5600 |
602.542 |
7 |
6 |
line base = 58.6 m. |
P |
|
|
à |
1225 |
106.3380928 |
11307.78998 |
27 |
27 |
|
|
| 91 |
Rhys/Jacobi/Davis (FO) |
1896 |
300,390 |
150 |
597.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
25 |
101.3380928 |
10269.40906 |
27 |
27 |
|
|
| 92 |
Rhys/Davis (FO) |
1896.5 |
300,390 |
170 |
597.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
0 |
101.3380928 |
10269.40906 |
27 |
27 |
|
|
| 93 |
Hurmuzescu |
1897 |
300,100 |
300 |
307.542 |
65 |
7 |
Electrometric method |
P |
|
|
à |
84100 |
-188.6619072 |
35593.31522 |
28 |
|
28 |
|
| 94 |
Saunders |
1897 |
299,795 |
3300 |
2.542 |
6 |
6 |
line = 1101-2223 m. |
P |
|
|
|
93025 |
-493.6619072 |
243702.0786 |
28 |
|
28 |
|
| 95 |
Grachev/Kowalski (KO) |
1897 |
300,150 |
100 |
357.542 |
16038 |
2 |
latitude studies |
P |
|
|
|
126025 |
-138.6619072 |
19227.1245 |
28 |
|
28 |
|
| 96 |
Webster |
1898 |
302,590 |
3000 |
2797.542 |
33 |
7 |
E.O. method |
P |
|
|
à |
5953600 |
2301.338093 |
5296157.017 |
29 |
29 |
|
|
| 97 |
Perot/Fabry |
1898 |
299,730 |
300 |
-62.458 |
33 |
7 |
Electrometric method |
P |
|
|
à |
8179600 |
-558.6619072 |
312103.1265 |
30 |
|
30 |
|
| 98 |
Rhys/Davis (FO) |
1898.5 |
300,390 |
170 |
597.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
435600 |
101.3380928 |
10269.40906 |
31 |
|
31 |
|
| 99 |
Grachev (KO) |
1898.5 |
299,600 |
100 |
-192.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
624100 |
-688.6619072 |
474255.2224 |
32 |
|
32 |
|
| 100 |
Lodge/Glazebrook |
1899 |
300,900 |
12000 |
1107.542 |
33 |
7 |
E.O. method |
P |
|
|
à |
1690000 |
611.3380928 |
373734.2637 |
33 |
33 |
|
|
| 101 |
Grachev (KO) |
1899 |
300,330 |
100 |
537.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
324900 |
41.33809282 |
1708.837918 |
33 |
33 |
|
|
| 102 |
Maclean |
1899 |
299,195 |
5000 |
-597.458 |
8 |
6 |
Free space method |
P |
|
|
|
1288225 |
-1093.661907 |
1196096.367 |
34 |
|
34 |
|
| 103 |
Perrotin-Prim (rejected) |
1900.4 |
300,032 |
215 |
239.542 |
770 |
3 |
discarded analysis |
P |
|
à |
|
700569 |
-256.6619072 |
65875.3346 |
34 |
|
34 |
|
| 104 |
Perrotin/Prim-Dorsey |
1900.4 |
300,000 |
1000 |
207.542 |
? |
2 |
Dorsey, P/P rejected data |
R |
|
à |
|
1024 |
-288.6619072 |
83325.69666 |
34 |
|
34 |
|
| 105 |
Perrotin |
1900.4 |
299,900 |
80 |
107.542 |
770 |
3 |
Base = 11862.2 m. |
R* |
|
|
|
10000 |
-388.6619072 |
151058.0781 |
34 |
|
34 |
|
| 106 |
Internat. Lat. Service |
1900.5 |
299,700 |
60 |
-92.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
40000 |
-588.6619072 |
346522.841 |
34 |
|
34 |
|
| 107 |
Perrotin, 1900.4-1902.4 |
1901.4 |
299,880 |
50 |
87.542 |
2002 |
3 |
mean of two series |
S |
|
|
|
32400 |
-408.6619072 |
167004.5544 |
34 |
|
34 |
|
| 108 |
Doolittle (FO) |
1901.5 |
299,760 |
130 |
-32.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
14400 |
-528.6619072 |
279483.4121 |
34 |
|
34 |
|
| 109 |
Internat Lat. Service |
1901.5 |
299,660 |
60 |
-132.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
10000 |
-628.6619072 |
395215.7935 |
34 |
|
34 |
|
| 110 |
Perrotin-Prim |
1902.4 |
299,901 |
84 |
108.542 |
1232 |
3 |
analysis retained |
P |
|
|
|
58081 |
-387.6619072 |
150281.7543 |
34 |
|
34 |
|
| 111 |
Perrotin |
1902.4 |
299,860 |
80 |
67.542 |
1233 |
3 |
Base = 45950.7 m. |
R* |
|
|
|
1681 |
-428.6619072 |
183751.0307 |
34 |
|
34 |
|
| 112 |
Doolittle (FO) |
1903 |
299,590 |
130 |
-202.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
72900 |
-698.6619072 |
488128.4605 |
34 |
|
34 |
|
| 113 |
Ogburn (FO) |
1904.5 |
300,480 |
170 |
687.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
792100 |
191.3380928 |
36610.26576 |
35 |
35 |
|
|
| 114 |
Doolittle (PO) |
1905 |
300,080 |
130 |
287.542 |
50 |
2 |
weighted average |
P |
|
|
|
160000 |
-208.6619072 |
43539.79151 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 115 |
Bonsdorf (PO) |
1905 |
299,710 |
100 |
-82.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
136900 |
-578.6619072 |
334849.6028 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 116 |
Rosa-Dorsey |
1906 |
299,710 |
10 |
-82.458 |
869 |
7 |
no humidity correction |
P |
|
|
|
0 |
-578.6619072 |
334849.6028 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 117 |
Rosa/Dorsey |
1906 |
299,803 |
30 |
10.542 |
869 |
7 |
Best ± for item 7; F&E |
R* |
|
|
|
8649 |
-485.6619072 |
235867.4881 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 118 |
Doolittle (FO) |
1906 |
299,760 |
130 |
-32.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
1849 |
-528.6619072 |
279483.4121 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 119 |
Bonsdorf et al. (PO) |
1906.5 |
299,650 |
120 |
-142.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
12100 |
-638.6619072 |
407889.0317 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 120 |
Doolittle (FO) |
1907 |
299,670 |
130 |
-122.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
400 |
-618.6619072 |
382742.5554 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 121 |
Bayswater (I.L.S.) |
1907 |
299,780 |
100 |
-12.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
12100 |
-508.6619072 |
258736.9358 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 122 |
Orlov (PO) |
1907.5 |
300,090 |
120 |
297.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
96100 |
-198.6619072 |
39466.55336 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 123 |
Internat. Lat. Service |
1907.5 |
299,590 |
60 |
-202.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
250000 |
-698.6619072 |
488128.4605 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 124 |
Doolittte (FO) |
1908 |
299,850 |
180 |
57.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
67600 |
-438.6619072 |
192424.2688 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 125 |
Semenov (PO) |
1908.5 |
299,690 |
150 |
-102.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
25600 |
-598.6619072 |
358396.0791 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 126 |
Internat. Lat. Service |
1908.5 |
299,630 |
60 |
-162.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
3600 |
-658.6619072 |
433835.508 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 127 |
Doolittle (FO) |
1909 |
299,660 |
130 |
-132.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
900 |
-628.6619072 |
395215.7935 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 128 |
Zemtsov (PO) |
1909.5 |
299,650 |
200 |
-142.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
100 |
-638.6619072 |
407889.0317 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 129 |
Semenov (PO) |
1909.5 |
299,840 |
190 |
47.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
36100 |
-448.6619072 |
201297.507 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 130 |
Doolittle (PO) |
1910 |
299,940 |
120 |
147.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
10000 |
-348.6619072 |
121565.1255 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 131 |
Numerov (PO) |
1914 |
299,870 |
200 |
77.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
4900 |
-418.6619072 |
175277.7925 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 132 |
Tsimmerman (PO) |
1916 |
299,750 |
200 |
-42.458 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
14400 |
-538.6619072 |
290156.6502 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 133 |
Kulikov (PO) |
1922 |
299,780 |
60 |
-12.458 |
28542 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
900 |
-508.6619072 |
258736.9358 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 134 |
Mercier |
1923 |
299,700 |
30 |
-92.458 |
60 |
6 |
no humidity correction |
P |
|
|
|
6400 |
-588.6619072 |
346522.841 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 135 |
Mercier |
1923 |
299,795 |
30 |
2.542 |
60 |
6 |
Best ± for item 6. F&E p48 |
R* |
|
|
|
9025 |
-493.6619072 |
243702.0786 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 136 |
Spencer-Jones (GO) |
1923.5 |
299,980 |
60 |
187.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
34225 |
-308.6619072 |
95272.17294 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 137 |
Michelson |
1924.6 |
299,802 |
30 |
9.542 |
80 |
5 |
Base = 35426.23 m. |
P |
|
|
|
31684 |
-486.6619072 |
236839.8119 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 138 |
Michelson-Dorsey |
1924.6 |
299,800 |
70 |
7.542 |
80 |
5 |
Dorsey's correction |
R |
|
|
|
4 |
-488.6619072 |
238790.4595 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 139 |
Michelson |
1926.5 |
299,796 |
15 |
3.542 |
1600 |
5 |
Base = 35426.23 m. |
P |
|
|
|
16 |
-492.6619072 |
242715.7548 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 140 |
Berg (PO) |
1926.5 |
299,890 |
200 |
97.542 |
50 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
8836 |
-398.6619072 |
158931.3162 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 141 |
Michelson-Birge |
1926.5 |
299,798 |
15 |
5.542 |
1600 |
5 |
Birge's correction |
R* |
|
|
|
8464 |
-490.6619072 |
240749.1072 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 142 |
Spencer-Jones, indirect |
1928 |
300,090 |
150 |
297.542 |
50 |
2 |
radial velocities |
P |
|
|
|
85264 |
-198.6619072 |
39466.55336 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 143 |
Mittelstaedt |
1928 |
299,778 |
10 |
-14.458 |
775 |
8 |
uncorrected |
P |
|
|
|
97344 |
-510.6619072 |
260775.5834 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 144 |
Mittelstaedt-Birge |
1928 |
299,786 |
10 |
-6.458 |
775 |
8 |
Birge's correction |
R* |
|
|
|
64 |
-502.6619072 |
252668.9929 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 145 |
Spencer-Jones, indirect |
1930.5 |
299,630 |
60 |
-162.458 |
50 |
2 |
Eros observations |
P |
|
|
|
24336 |
-658.6619072 |
433835.508 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 146 |
Pease/Pearson |
1932.5 |
299,774 |
10 |
-18.458 |
2885 |
5 |
Base = 1610.4 m. |
P |
|
|
|
20736 |
-514.6619072 |
264876.8787 |
36 |
|
36 |
|
| 147 |
Sollenberger (W0) |
1933 |
300,420 |
60 |
627.542 |
50 |
2 |
1915-1951 (zenith) |
P |
à |
|
|
417316 |
131.3380928 |
17249.69463 |
37 |
37 |
|
|
| 148 |
Romanskaya (PO) |
1935 |
299,790 |
100 |
-2.458 |
14783 |
2 |
corrected |
P |
|
|
|
396900 |
-498.6619072 |
248663.6977 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 149 |
Rabe, indirect |
1935.5 |
299,920 |
60 |
127.542 |
50 |
2 |
gravitational |
P |
|
|
|
16900 |
-368.6619072 |
135911.6018 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 150 |
Anderson |
1936.8 |
299,771 |
10 |
-21.458 |
651 |
8 |
systematic error |
P |
|
|
|
22201 |
-517.6619072 |
267973.8501 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 151 |
Anderson-Birge |
1936.8 |
299,771 |
10 |
-21.458 |
651 |
8 |
Birge's correction |
R* |
|
|
|
0 |
-517.6619072 |
267973.8501 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 152 |
HŸttel |
1937 |
299,768 |
10 |
-24.458 |
135 |
8 |
systematic error |
P |
|
|
|
9 |
-520.6619072 |
271088.8216 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 153 |
HŸttel-Birge |
1937 |
299,771 |
10 |
-21.458 |
? |
8 |
Birge's correction |
R* |
|
|
|
9 |
-517.6619072 |
267973.8501 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 154 |
Anderson |
1940 |
299,776 |
10 |
-16.458 |
2895 |
8 |
systematic error |
P |
|
|
|
25 |
-512.6619072 |
262822.2311 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 155 |
Essen/Gordon-Smith |
1947 |
299,798 |
3 |
5.542 |
3 |
9 |
|
P |
|
|
|
484 |
-490.6619072 |
240749.1072 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 156 |
Essen/Gordon-Smith |
1947 |
299,792 |
3 |
-0.458 |
4 |
9 |
|
P |
|
|
|
36 |
-496.6619072 |
246673.05 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 157 |
Jones |
1947 |
299,687 |
25 |
-105.458 |
50 |
10 |
Not in vacuo |
P |
|
|
|
11025 |
-601.6619072 |
361997.0506 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 158 |
Smith, Franklin, Whiting |
1947 |
299,695 |
50 |
-97.458 |
50 |
10 |
Not in vacuo |
P |
|
|
|
64 |
-593.6619072 |
352434.46 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 159 |
Jones-Cornford |
1949 |
299,701 |
25 |
-91.458 |
50 |
10 |
Not in vacuo |
P |
|
|
|
36 |
-587.6619072 |
345346.5171 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 160 |
Bergstrand |
1949 |
299,796 |
2 |
3.542 |
72 |
11 |
|
P |
|
|
|
9025 |
-492.6619072 |
242715.7548 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 161 |
Aslakson |
1949 |
299,792.4 |
1.4 |
-0.058 |
192 |
10 |
|
P |
|
à |
|
12.96 |
-496.2619072 |
246275.8805 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 162 |
Hansen/Bol |
1950 |
299,794.3 |
1.2 |
1.842 |
2 |
9 |
|
P |
|
|
|
3.61 |
-494.3619072 |
244393.6953 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 163 |
Bergstrand |
1950 |
299,793.1 |
0.26 |
0.642 |
58 |
11 |
|
P |
|
|
|
1.44 |
-495.5619072 |
245581.6038 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 164 |
Essen |
1950 |
299,792.5 |
1 |
0.042 |
5 |
9 |
|
P |
|
|
|
0.36 |
-496.1619072 |
246176.6381 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 165 |
McKinley |
1950 |
299,780.0 |
70 |
-12.458 |
100 |
18 |
spread of 500 km/sec |
P |
|
|
à |
156.25 |
-508.6619072 |
258736.9358 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 166 |
Houstoun |
1950 |
299,775.0 |
9 |
-17.458 |
20 |
18 |
spread of 180 km/sec |
P |
|
|
à |
25 |
-513.6619072 |
263848.5549 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 167 |
Aslakson |
1951 |
299,794.2 |
1.4 |
1.742 |
192 |
10 |
final accepted value |
P |
|
|
|
368.64 |
-494.4619072 |
244492.5777 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 168 |
Bergstrand |
1951 |
299,793.1 |
0.4 |
0.642 |
44 |
11 |
|
P |
|
|
|
1.21 |
-495.5619072 |
245581.6038 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 169 |
Froome |
1951 |
299,792.6 |
0.7 |
0.142 |
36 |
12 |
|
P |
|
|
|
0.25 |
-496.0619072 |
246077.4158 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 170 |
Rank, Ruth, Vander Sluis |
1952 |
299,776.0 |
6 |
-16.458 |
50 |
13 |
systematic wavelength errors |
P |
à |
|
|
275.56 |
-512.6619072 |
262822.2311 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 171 |
Bergstrand (av date) |
1953 |
299,792.85 |
0.16 |
0.392 |
48 |
11 |
|
P |
|
|
|
283.9225 |
-495.8119072 |
245829.4473 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 172 |
Florman |
1954 |
299,795.1 |
3.1 |
2.642 |
110 |
12 |
|
P |
|
|
|
5.0625 |
-493.5619072 |
243603.3562 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 173 |
Froome |
1954 |
299,792.75 |
0.3 |
0.292 |
50 |
12 |
|
P |
|
|
|
5.5225 |
-495.9119072 |
245928.6197 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 174 |
Rank, Shearer, Wiggins |
1954 |
299,789.8 |
3 |
-2.658 |
50 |
13 |
rerun of 148, error still there |
P |
|
|
|
8.7025 |
-498.8619072 |
248863.2024 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 175 |
Scholdstrom |
1955 |
299,792.4 |
0.4 |
-0.058 |
50 |
11 |
|
P |
|
|
|
6.76 |
-496.2619072 |
246275.8805 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 176 |
Plyler/Blaine/Connor |
1955 |
299,792.0 |
6 |
-0.458 |
58 |
13 |
|
P |
|
|
|
0.16 |
-496.6619072 |
246673.05 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 177 |
Wadley |
1956 |
299,792.9 |
2 |
0.442 |
40 |
14 |
|
P |
|
|
|
0.81 |
-495.7619072 |
245779.8686 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 178 |
Wadley |
1956 |
299,792.7 |
2 |
0.242 |
24 |
14 |
|
P |
|
|
|
0.04 |
-495.9619072 |
245978.2134 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 179 |
Edge |
1956 |
299,792.4 |
0.11 |
-0.058 |
50 |
11 |
|
P |
|
|
|
0.09 |
-496.2619072 |
246275.8805 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 180 |
Edge |
1956 |
299,792.2 |
0.13 |
-0.258 |
50 |
11 |
|
P |
|
|
|
0.04 |
-496.4619072 |
246474.4253 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 181 |
Rank/Bennett/Bennett |
1956 |
299,791.9 |
2 |
-0.558 |
50 |
13 |
final correct value of series |
P |
|
|
|
0.09 |
-496.7619072 |
246772.3924 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 182 |
Wadley |
1957 |
299,792.6 |
1.2 |
0.142 |
14 |
14 |
|
P |
|
|
|
0.49 |
-496.0619072 |
246077.4158 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 183 |
Froome |
1958 |
299,792.5 |
0.1 |
0.042 |
21 |
12 |
|
P |
|
|
|
0.01 |
-496.1619072 |
246176.6381 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 184 |
Kolibayev (av. date) |
1960 |
299,792.6 |
0.06 |
0.142 |
23 |
11 |
|
P |
|
|
|
0.01 |
-496.0619072 |
246077.4158 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 185 |
Karolus |
1966 |
299,792.44 |
0.2 |
-0.018 |
278 |
15 |
|
P |
|
|
|
0.0256 |
-496.2219072 |
246236.1812 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 186 |
Simkin et al. |
1967 |
299,792.56 |
0.11 |
0.102 |
70 |
16 |
|
P |
|
|
|
0.0144 |
-496.1019072 |
246117.1023 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 187 |
Grosse |
1967 |
299,792.5 |
0.05 |
0.042 |
50 |
11 |
|
P |
|
|
|
0.0036 |
-496.1619072 |
246176.6381 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 188 |
Bay/Luther/White |
1972 |
299,792.462 |
0.018 |
0.004 |
50 |
17 |
|
P |
|
|
|
0.001444 |
-496.1999072 |
246214.3479 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 189 |
NRC/NBS |
1972 |
299,792.460 |
0.006 |
0.002 |
50 |
17 |
|
P |
|
|
|
4E-06 |
-496.2019072 |
246216.3327 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 190 |
NRC/NBS |
1973 |
299,792.458 |
0.002 |
0.000 |
50 |
17 |
|
P |
|
|
|
4E-06 |
-496.2039072 |
246218.3175 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 191 |
Evenson et al. |
1973 |
299,792.4574 |
0.0011 |
-0.001 |
50 |
17 |
|
P |
|
|
|
3.6E-07 |
-496.2045072 |
246218.9129 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 192 |
Blaney et al. |
1974 |
299,792.4590 |
0.0008 |
0.001 |
50 |
17 |
|
P |
|
|
|
2.56E-06 |
-496.2029072 |
246217.3251 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 193 |
Woods/Shotton/Rowley |
1978 |
299,792.4588 |
0.0002 |
0.001 |
64 |
17 |
|
P |
|
|
|
4E-08 |
-496.2031072 |
246217.5236 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
| 194 |
Baird/Smith/Whitford |
1979 |
299,792.4581 |
0.0019 |
0.000 |
50 |
17 |
|
P |
|
|
|
4.9E-07 |
-496.2038072 |
246218.2183 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
|
NBS (U. S.) |
1983 |
299,792.4586 |
0.0003 |
0.001 |
50 |
17 |
|
P |
|
|
|
2.5E-07 |
-496.2033072 |
246217.7221 |
38 |
|
38 |
|
|
|
Mean |
300,288.662 |
1390.66826 |
496.20 |
558 |
|
|
|
|
SUM |
|
7769731409 |
-5.23869E-09 |
5208066452 |
38 |
39 |
156 |
|
|
|
STDEV |
5181.28 |
3684.91681 |
5181.28 |
|
|
|