Hebrew Glossary for Jonah

Richard E. Young

Copyright © 2000 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Legend:

Pronunciation key:

1 qum (6965) 1:2,3,6; 3:2,3,6

Rise up, stand up. To become powerful. To endure.

2 yalak (3212) 1:2,7,13; 3:2,3

To go, depart.

lek The imperative form of yalak is the command "go!" and appears in 1:2,7; 3:2.

3 gadol (1419) 1:2,4,4,10,12,16,17; 3:2,3,5,7; 4:1,6,11

Great in any sense (size, intensity, quantity, and importance).

[Related to 100 gadal (1431)]

4 qara (7121) 1:2,6,14; 2:2; 4,5,8

To call out, proclaim, read, summon, invite.

qeriyah (7150) 3:2

Proclamation, preaching.

[This is the only occurrence of this word in the Hebrew Scriptures]

[Related to qara (7121)]

5 ra (7451) 1:2,7,8; 3:8,10,10; 4:2,6

Evil, wickedness, unkind, disagreeable, unhappy, adversity, misery.

raa (7489) 4:1

To spoil, to break (to pieces); by implication to be evil. To be displeasing, sad.

6 alah (5927) 1:2; 2:6; 4:6,7

To go up, rise, ascend, climb. To spring up (plants). To go over. To extend (a boundary).

7 paniym (6440) 1:2,3,3,10

Face, presence, person, surface (of ground).

[Plural of an unused singular form but used always as singular]

8 barach (1272) 1:3,10; 4:2

To suddenly flee, run away. To hasten or hurry away. To bolt.

9 yarad (3381) 1:3,3,5; 2:6

To go down (to a lower area), descend, decline. To fall. To sink down. To be prostrated.

10 nathan (5414) 1:3,14

To give (in a variety of ways): to pay wages, sell, entrust, report, assign.

11 tul (2904) 1:4,5,12,15

To cast down or out. To hurl down.

12 ruach (7307) 1:4; 4:8

Wind; by analogy to wind, a breath, spirit. An empty thing.

13 mallach (4419) 1:5

A sailor. From malach (4414): salt, powder, pulverize; to salt (by seasoning or rubbing).

[Of Aramaic origin. This is the only occurrence of this word in the Hebrew Scriptures]

14 yare (3372, 3373) 1:5,9,10,10,16,16

To fear, dread, to be terrified. To revere, worship.

15 iysh (376) 1:5,7,14,16; 3:5,8

Man, human being, mankind, husband, a male.

enosh (582) 1:10,10,13

A mortal, a man. Mankind.

16 zaaq (2199) 1:5; 3:7

To call out (in need for help or aid). To shriek (from anguish or danger).

17 elohiym (430) 1:5,6,6,9; 2:1,6; 3:3,5,8,9,10,10; 4:6,7,8,9

The one God, gods, angels, rulers.

[plural form]

el (410) 4:2

Strength. The one God, god, angel, ruler.

[singular form]

18 keliy (3627) 1:5

A general object. Equipment, utensils, implements. Vessels.

19 yirekah (3411) 1:5

The extreme parts, recesses. The sides/hold of a ship.

20 shachav (7901) 1:5

To lie down (for rest, sexual relations, or death).

21 radam (7290) 1:5,6

To be in a deep sleep. To be unconscious.

22 rav (7227) 1:6; 4:2,11

Abundant (in quantity, quality, size and age). A chief, captain.

23 chovel (2259) 1:6

A sailor - in the sense of handling ropes.

24 ashath (6245) 1:6

To be smooth or shiny. To think, consider. To intercede.

25 avad (6) 1:6,14; 3:9; 4:10

To wander away, to go astray, be lost. To die, perish, or be destroyed (but not annihilated). To lose usefulness.

26 naphal (5307) 1:7,7,7

To fall, be cast down, be thrown down. To fall prostrate. To fail.

27 yada (3045) 1:7,10,12; 3:9; 4:2,11

To know, ascertain, learn, find out. To be revealed.

28 shel (7945) 1:7,12

Who, which, on account of, cause.

[the complex compound form meaning of beshelimai found here is "through whom" or "on whose account"]

29 shamayim (8064) 1:9

To be lofty as in the sky, heavens, space of the stars. Heaven.

[dual of an unused singular form]

30 asah (6213) 1:9,10,11,14; 3:10; 4:5

To make, produce, bring about, effect.

maaseh (4639) 3:10

Deed, act, labor with (implied) product of activity.

31 yabashah (3004) 1:9,13; 2:10

Dry land, dry ground.

[from 93 yavesh (3001)].

32 nasa (5375) 1:12,15

To lift, carry, to lift up, take. To support. To endure. To forgive.

33 chathar (2864) 1:13

To force a passage. To dig (into a house for burglary). Figuratively, to row.

34 shuv (7725) 1:13; 3:8,9,9,10

To turn back (though not necessarily to the starting position), return, reverse. Figuratively, to turn away from God (apostatize) or turn back to God (repent).

35 nephesh (5315) 1:14; 2:5,7; 4:3,8

Soul, life, person, the inner being of a man, the seat of emotions and passions.

36 naqiy (5355) 1:14

Innocent, clean, blameless, exempt.

37 dam (1818) 1:14

Blood. Figuratively, wine or grape juice.

38 chaphets (2654) 1:14

To bend down. To delight in, be pleased with.

39 manah (4487) 1:17; 4:6,7,8

To weigh out. To count, number, assign. To appoint. To prepare.

40 bala (1104) 1:17

Swallow, to devour, eat. To be overcome. Figuratively, to ruin or destroy.

41 meah (4578) 1:17; 2:1

Intestines, bowels, belly, womb. Figuratively, the heart, place of emotions.

[Of Aramaic origin]

42 tsarah (6869) 2:2

Tightness, distress, trouble. A female rival.

43 anah (6030) 2:2

To heed, pay attention (by implication to answer, respond, speak, sing, shout, announce). To be busied with. To afflict, oppress. To humble, to be put down, become low. To be depressed.

44 beten (990) 2:2

The womb, belly, bosom or body of anything.

45 sheol (7585) 2:2

Hell, grave, pit, realm of the dead.

46 shalak (7993) 2:3

To throw (down, off, or out). To cast, hurl, fling.

47 levav (3824) 2:3

The midst. The heart, the inner-man.

48 metsolah (4688) 2:3

A deep place. The deep sea.

49 gal (1530) 2:3

Something rolled. A heap (of stones), a wave, a heap of stones placed over a dead body. A spring of water.

50 avar (5674) 2:3; 3:6

To pass over, cross over, overflow. To put away, to become invalid, to pass away (as in to leave or die), to alienate.

51 garash (1644) 2:4

To drive out, expel, cast out, banish. To divorce or expatriate.

52 tehom (8415) 2:5

Abyss, the deep (of the sea or subterranean water).

[This word never takes the definite article]

53 rosh (7218) 2:5; 4:6,8

Head, top front, beginning, chief, best.

54 qetseb (7095) 2:6

A cut out shape. Base, bottom, extremity.

55 beriyach (1280) 2:6

Bolt, bar, bar of wood of city gates. A fortress. Tribulation.

56 olam (5769) 2:6

Concealed time (past and future) as in ancient time or eternity.

57 chai (2416) 2:6; 4:3,8

Life (man, animal, or plant), renewing (as in springtime), active. Community, Relatives.

58 shachath (7845) 2:6

A pit. A pit for catching wild animals. Grave. Destruction.

59 ataph (5848) 2:7

To shroud, clothe. To envelop oneself. To be feeble, faint, grow weak. To turn aside.

60 shamar (8104) 2:8

To hedge about so as to guard. To keep, protect, give heed.

61 hevel (1892) 2:8

Breath, vapor. Figuratively, emptiness or something transitory.

62 shav (7723) 2:8

Empty speech, lying, falsehood, emptiness, uselessness. Figuratively, idolatry.

63 azav (5800) 2:8

To loosen, relinquish, forsake, leave behind.

64 checed (2617) 2:8; 4:2

Goodness, loving-kindness, mercifulness, kindness.

65 shalam (7999) 2:9

To be at peace, to be safe. To make recompense, to pay. To complete.

66 qo (6958) 2:10

To vomit.

67 chalal (2490) 3:4

To pierce. To defile, desecrate. To begin, start.

68 haphak (2015) 3:4

To turn about, overturn, overthrow, change, reverse, transform.

69 aman (539) 3:5

To support, nourish, confirm, be faithful. Figuratively, to trust (as in one who supports and nourishes you like a parent or nurse).

70 qatam (6996) 3:5

Small in age, importance, or significance.

71 adereth (155) 3:6

Cloak, robe. Glory, splendor.

72 kacah (3680) 3:6,8

To cover, clothe. To conceal. To protect.

73 epher (665) 3:6

Ashes. Figuratively, worthlessness.

74 taam (2940, 2938) 3:7,7

To taste, eat. Figuratively, to perceive, make a judgement or a decree.

75 chozqah (2394) 3:8

Vehemence, force, violence.

76 derek (1870) 3:8,10

A road, path. A journey. A direction. Figuratively, a course of action or a way of life.

77 chamac (2555) 3:8

Violence, cruelty, injustice, unjust gain.

78 kaph (3709) 3:8

The hollow or flat of the palm. Figuratively, power in one's control.

79 nacham (5162) 3:9,10; 4:2

To sigh (as in being sorry), to be sorry, comfort oneself. To have pity, compassion.

80 charon (2740) 3:9

Wrath, fury, burning anger.

[Related to 82 charah (2734)]

81 aph (639) 3:9; 4:2

The nose, nostril, or face. Anger (derived from the heavy breathing through the nose during anger).

82 charah (2734) 4:1,4,9,9

To be hot, blaze. Figuratively to be angry, furious, zealous, jealous.

[Related to 80 charon (2740)]

83 adamah (127) 4:2

Soil, tilled land. Husbandry (likely derived from Adam as one who tended the

Garden of Eden). Territory, country.

84 qadam (6923) 4:2

To go before, to meet, to anticipate.

85 yatav (3190) 4:4,9,9

To make well, right. To be glad, joyful, pleasing.

86 sukah (5521) 4:5

A crude or temporary shelter such as a tent, hut, or lean-to.

87 tsel (6738) 4:5,6

Shade or shadow. Figuratively, shade as a protection or shadow as transience of life.

88 natsal (5337) 4:6

To snatch away in a good or bad sense: to deliver, rescue, plunder.

89 samach (8055) 4:6

To brighten up. To be glad, rejoice.

90 towla (8438) 4:7

Worm, maggot, or grub. Crimson (the worm has been identified with coccus ilicis due to its association with crimson dye).

91 shachar (7837) 4:7

Dawn, morning.

92 nakah (5221) 4:7,8

To strike or attack. To beat, kill, scourge, ravage, blight (plants).

93 yavesh (3001) 4:7

To be dry, dried up, withered (plants).

[Related to 31 yabashah (3004) - dry ground]

94 zarach (2224) 4:8

To shoot out beams of light, to shine. To rise. To come out, appear.

95 chariyshiy (2759) 4:8

Harsh, hot. The sirocco (harsh-hot east wind). Silent.

96 alaph (5968) 4:8

To cover, enwrap or disguise oneself. Figuratively, to faint, to lack vitality and energy.

97 shaal (7592) 4:8

To seek, inquire, ask, beg, consult.

98 chuc (2347) 4:10,11

To cover. Figuratively, to have compassion, to spare.

99 amal (5998) 4:10

To toil. To tediously labor with difficulty. To drudge.

100 gadal (1431) 4:10

To twist. To make large, to grow. To become great in a variety of ways.

[Related to 3 gadol (1419)]

Contents | Introduction| Chapter 1 | Chapter 2 | Chapter 3 | Chapter 4 | Chapter 5 | Glossary | Translation